Authorities within the Netherlands have arrested the co-owners of two associated Web internet hosting firms for working IT infrastructure utilized by Russia to hold out cyberattacks, affect operations and disinformation campaigns contained in the European Union. The 2 males have been the main target of a 2025 KrebsOnSecurity story about how their internet hosting firms had assumed management over the technical infrastructure of Stark Industries Options, an Web service supplier sanctioned final yr by the EU as a frequent staging floor for cyber mischief from Russia’s intelligence companies.
An investigator with the Tax Intelligence and Investigation Service (FIOD), the Dutch monetary crimes company, throughout the raid. Picture: FIOD.
The Dutch every day information outlet de Volkskrant stories that the Dutch monetary crime company FIOD on Might 18 arrested a 57-year-old from Amsterdam and a 39-year-old from The Hague, charging them with violating sanctions legislation by instantly or not directly making financial assets out there to EU-sanctioned entities.
The Dutch investigation focuses on Stark Industries, a sprawling internet hosting supplier that materialized simply two weeks earlier than Russia invaded Ukraine. As detailed in this Might 2024 deep-dive, Stark rapidly grew to become the supply of huge distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) assaults in opposition to European targets, and emerged as a prime provider of proxy and anonymity providers that confirmed up again and again in cyberattacks linked to Russia-backed hacking teams.
That report recognized two Moldovan brothers — Ivan and Yuri Neculiti and their firm PQHosting — who have been offering considered one of Stark’s two foremost conduits to the bigger Web. In Might 2025, the EU sanctioned PQHosting and the Neculiti brothers for aiding Russia’s hybrid warfare efforts. However as KrebsOnSecurity noticed in September 2025, these sanctions failed to focus on Stark’s remaining connection to the Web — an Web service supplier primarily based within the Netherlands known as MIRhosting.
MIRhosting is operated by Andrey Nesterenko, a 39-year-old Russian native who runs the enterprise out of the Netherlands. Information that PQHosting and the Neculiti brothers have been about to be sanctioned by the EU leaked within the media practically two weeks earlier than the sanctions have been introduced final yr. Throughout that point, the Stark community belongings have been transferred from PQHosting to a brand new entity known as the[.]internet hosting, below the management of the Dutch entity WorkTitans BV.
And as our September 2025 report confirmed, WorkTitans was managed by Nesterenko and a 57-year-old from Amsterdam named Youssef Zinad. On prime of that, WorkTitans was getting connectivity to the bigger Web solely by way of MIRhosting, the place Zinad had labored beforehand.
On Might 18, Dutch monetary crime investigators arrested Nesterenko and Zinad, and searched three companies in Enschede and Almere and two information facilities in Dronten and Schiphol-Rijk. A assertion from the Dutch authorities mentioned in addition they seized laptops, telephones and greater than 800 servers.
A message to the-hosting clients instantly after 800 of its servers have been seized by Dutch authorities. The message says that sadly information saved on the server has been misplaced and can’t be recovered.
De Volkskrant mentioned it reviewed information exhibiting WorkTitans and MIRhosting have been the most-used networks in pro-Russian assaults on Danish authorities our bodies between November 13 and 19, 2025, the week of Denmark’s municipal elections.
The publication wrote that previous to Nesterenko’s arrest, the MIRhosting founder denied that he knew his servers had been misused by pro-Russian cybercriminals. “He mentioned he had ended all providers with the Neculiti brothers when the EU sanctions got here into power in Might 2025,” and the he “reserved all rights to take motion in opposition to ‘dangerous and incorrect publications,” de Volkskrant wrote.
MIRhosting launched an announcement saying it has initiated an inner investigation into the alleged info regarding the elections in Denmark, and that it has briefly paused providers to WorkTitans as a precautionary measure whereas the matter is being reviewed additional.
“Based mostly on our preliminary findings, there aren’t any indications that the providers over which we train management have been truly used to affect the Danish elections,” the assertion reads. “No anomalies or spikes have been noticed in our community visitors throughout the interval talked about within the publication; had large-scale DDoS assaults occurred, such exercise would have been evident. Moreover, previous to the media publication, we had not obtained any complaints, abuse stories, or official requests concerning suspicious actions or misuse of our community. In the meantime, our common operational actions proceed, and our service to our different shoppers stays totally intact.”
Born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Mr. Nesterenko grew up as a piano prodigy who carried out publicly at a younger age. In 2004, Nesterenko based MIRhosting’s dad or mum Innovation IT Options Corp., which has the notable distinction of being the corporate accountable for internet hosting stopgeorgia[.]ru, a hacktivist web site for organizing cyberattacks in opposition to Georgia that appeared on the similar time Russian forces invaded the previous Soviet nation in 2008. That battle was regarded as the primary struggle ever fought wherein a notable cyberattack and an precise army engagement occurred concurrently.
Responding to questions shared through e mail, Nesterenko mentioned MIRhosting doesn’t help cybercrime, sanctions evasion, or criminality, and that the allegations and arrest by Dutch authorities have been extraordinarily dangerous to him and his firm.
“The transition to the.internet hosting was not supposed to evade sanctions,” Nesterenko wrote. “The {hardware} and buyer portfolio had already been transferred to WorkTitans earlier than the sanctions appeared. Closing or damaging a legit Dutch infrastructure firm is not going to cease cybercrime, however it should hurt many individuals who’ve performed nothing mistaken.”
Far much less is public in regards to the 57-year-old Zinad, who reportedly has been holding a low profile since our story final yr. De Volkskrant reported that Zinad blocked entry to his LinkedIn account, had gone months with out responding to emails, WhatsApp messages and telephone calls, and informed a colleague that sickness was forcing him to steer a considerably extra reclusive life.
Mr. Zinad’s now-defunct LinkedIn profile. It was filled with posts for MIRhosting’s providers.
Mr. Nesterenko claims Zinad was by no means an worker of MIRhosting.
“He helped me and MIRhosting with sure enterprise duties below a traditional business-to-business association between firms,” Nesterenko defined.
Nonetheless, in earlier emails to KrebsOnSecurity, Nesterenko carbon copied Mr. Zinad (who had a @mirhosting.com e mail), explaining that he was a part of the corporate’s authorized staff. Additionally, the Dutch web site stagemarkt[.]nl lists Youssef Zinad as an official contact for MIRhosting’s workplaces in Almere.
Mr. Zinad has by no means responded to requests for remark. Nor did de Volkskrant have any luck monitoring him down. The publication mentioned it repeatedly requested Mr. Zinad (referred to right here as merely “Z”), however he reportedly averted each type of contact.
“‘I’m unavailable however will reply to your message as quickly as doable,’ reads an automatic reply on WhatsApp on 2 October 2025,” de Volkskrant reported. “It’s the solely response de Volkskrant would obtain in months. He didn’t choose up his telephone and didn’t name again. When an acquaintance requested him through LinkedIn to contact the reporter, he blocked entry to his LinkedIn web page. At an handle in Almere the place Z.’s private restricted firm is registered, nobody was current in April. The nook home’s blinds have been drawn, and a pile of garbage luggage lay exterior subsequent to a container, as if somebody had not too long ago left. A neighbour mentioned he knew the person however didn’t know the place he was staying. Z. was later arrested at a residence in Amsterdam.”
